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Melanin, a pigment produced by melanocytes, gives color to our skin, hair, mucous membranes, and the retina of the eye. However, excess production of melanin can cause hyperpigmentation, leading to dark spots, patches or discoloration of the skin, resulting in uneven skin tone.
Hyperpigmentation usually affects specific areas of the skin, making them appear darker than usual. These patches can vary in size and appear anywhere on the body. To determine the exact cause of pigmentation, it is best to consult a dermatologist.
Sun exposure: Pigmentation can be caused by overexposure to UVA rays from the sun, which penetrate deep into the skin and stimulate the production of excess melanin.
Injury: An external injury, such as a cut, bruise, or pimple, can trigger an inflammatory reaction that leads to excess melanin production. Improper hair removal or depilatory cream can also cause this reaction.
Medication: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy and tetracycline antibiotics, can cause unwanted pigmentation as a side effect.
Allergies: Contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cosmetics, hair dyes and similar products can lead to pigmentation of the skin.
Hormonal fluctuations: Pigmentation, known as Melasma, results from hormonal imbalance caused by increased estrogen and progesterone levels due to pregnancy or birth control pills.
Hereditary: Hereditary factors can influence skin pigmentation, including lentigines which are linked to hereditary multisystemic syndromes.
Illness or disease: Certain medical conditions, such as Addison’s disease and other endocrine disorders, can disrupt hormonal levels and increase melanin production.
Freckles: Freckles are small, circular spots that appear on the skin due to frequent exposure to sunlight. They usually affect people with lighter skin tones and are commonly found on exposed areas such as the face. Hereditary factors can also contribute to their appearance.
Post: inflammatory pigmentation – This type of skin discoloration is often caused by injuries such as bruises, burns, friction, or harsh chemical treatments, and can also result from post-acne breakouts, leaving behind reddish, brown, or black marks.
Melasma: Melasma is a common skin condition that causes irregular brown to gray patches on the face, specifically on the cheeks, nose, and jawline, and is more prevalent in women.
Sunspots: These pigmentation spots, also known as solar lentigines, are caused by sun exposure and the amount of pigmentation depends on the extent of melanin pigment exposure to UV rays.
Getting an accurate diagnosis for pigmentation is something that an experienced dermatologist can help with. The process starts with a thorough examination of the affected area, which may include a dermascan analysis or a biopsy. The dermatologist will also review your medical history and family history, as well as conduct additional skin examinations to determine the underlying factors responsible for the pigmentation.
Once the examination is complete, the dermatologist will recommend treatment options, which may include topical medication or advanced dermatological procedures tailored to treat the specific type of pigmentation.
It's important to always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with the highest SPF that protects from both UVA and UVB rays of the sun. This will help prevent skin damage caused by sun exposure.
To protect your skin from environmental damage, pollutants, and dirt, follow a good skin care routine. It's recommended to wear hats or scarves to avoid sun exposure during peak hours of sunlight.
Home Remedies
We do not recommend using home remedies as there is no scientific data to support them. In fact, they may even irritate the skin, making the treatment last longer. It's important to seek medical intervention for appropriate treatments and results.
Treatment Options
There are various treatment options available for pigmentation on the skin. These options include topical medication, chemical peels, and laser therapy with Q-switched NdYAG lasers.
The prognosis for pigmentation is generally positive, but it's important to treat it in a timely manner to avoid aggravation. While mild pigmentation can be treated with topical treatments, more severe cases require advanced treatments such as laser therapy. It is recommended to consult a dermatologist to determine the extent of pigmentation and the best treatment method for your specific case.
How To Get Started?
You can easily book an appointment online or over the phone by calling 62878 78787. Our customer care team will then schedule an appointment with a dermatologist at your preferred time and convenience.